Short Media

How TikTok Is Changing Brand Trust Across the US

Brand Trust

A skincare founder I know spent $18,000 on polished launch creative for a new moisturizer. Clean lighting, studio set, nice hands, all of it. Then a creator posted a 22-second TikTok filmed in her bathroom, half whispering because her kid was asleep, and that was the video people kept sending around. Not because it was prettier. Because it felt like an actual person had used the thing. That’s the part a lot of teams still wrestle with. Trust on TikTok doesn’t really come from looking established. It comes from looking believable. And that has made tiktok brand marketing a little uncomfortable for brands that are used to controlling every frame, every line, every comment. In the US especially, where consumers have endless options and a pretty sharp radar for anything that feels overproduced, TikTok has pushed trust into a messier, more public place. Trust looks different when the comments are doing half the work On older social platforms, brands could still get away with broadcasting. Nice visuals, tidy copy, maybe a few influencer posts around a launch. With marketing on tiktok, the comments often matter almost as much as the video itself. That’s where people ask if the leggings are squat-proof. If the protein powder tastes weird in coffee. If the “viral” kitchen gadget actually survives the dishwasher. And those questions aren’t side chatter. They’re part of the sales process. I’ve seen comments reveal objections a polished landing page completely missed. A home cleaning brand kept talking about scent and shine, while TikTok comments kept asking whether the formula was safe around pets. Once they started answering that directly in videos, performance improved. Not because they found some magical tactic. They finally addressed the thing people actually cared about. That’s one reason marketing on tiktok has changed how trust gets built. It’s less about claiming credibility and more about surviving public scrutiny in real time. The polished brand voice usually doesn’t travel well here A lot of brand teams enter TikTok with habits they picked up from Instagram, TV, retail launches, maybe Amazon listing content. They want consistency. They want approved messaging. Legal wants every line buttoned up. I get it. But on TikTok, a creator reading a script too perfectly can tank a video fast. You can almost feel viewers backing away. For tiktok brand marketing to work, brands often need to loosen their grip a bit. Not abandon standards. Just stop sanding off every human edge. A fitness brand in the US sent creators a rigid script for a resistance band campaign. Every video came back sounding like the same person in different apartments. The strongest-performing version was the one that ignored half the brief and showed the creator fumbling with the band setup before getting into the workout. A little awkward. Very normal. Comments loved it because it answered the exact concern new buyers had: “Is this annoying to use?” That’s what marketing on tiktok keeps rewarding—proof over polish. Creator trust is useful, but borrowed trust expires fast Some brands treat creators like rented credibility. Pay for a few posts, get some social proof, move on. Sometimes that works for a short burst. Usually not for long. People can tell when a creator genuinely fits a product category and when they’re just slotting in another sponsorship between GRWM clips. A beauty creator who already talks about texture, wear time, and irritation risk can make a foundation launch feel credible. A random lifestyle account doing the same ad with zero context? Different story. This is where tiktok brand marketing gets more nuanced than many teams expect. It’s not just “find creators with reach.” It’s finding creators whose audience already trusts their judgment in that category. In US retail, this matters a lot during launches. If a snack brand hits Target shelves and pairs that with creators who already review grocery finds, that feels coherent. If the same product shows up through creators who never talk about food, it starts to feel like media buying wearing a creator costume. And people notice. Maybe not in those words, but they notice. Marketing on TikTok works better when the brand account acts like a participant Some brand accounts still post like they’re filing paperwork. Product shot, caption, hashtag stack, done. That’s usually a miss. The brands building trust through marketing on tiktok tend to act more like active participants in the platform. They reply to comments like humans. They make follow-up videos when people are confused. They show the product in ordinary settings, not only campaign environments. A kitchen product demo filmed on a cluttered counter will often beat the studio version if it answers a real use question. I’ve watched a pan brand get stronger results from a video showing burnt cheese cleanup in a real kitchen than from a sleek recipe montage. It wasn’t glamorous, but it handled skepticism head-on. That kind of content helps because trust isn’t formed by one heroic brand video. It builds through repetition. Small proofs. A useful reply. A creator using the product more than once. A comment section that doesn’t look weirdly empty or defensive. That’s the day-to-day reality of marketing on tiktok. Trends can help, but chasing them late makes brands look nervous You can usually tell when a brand joined a trend two weeks too late. The sound is already tired, the edit feels approved by six people, and the joke lands like a conference room trying to be casual. Not every brand needs to be trend-led. Honestly, many would be better off skipping half the trends they chase. For tiktok brand marketing, trust often grows faster from repeatable content formats than from trend-hopping. A food brand showing three honest ways people actually use the sauce. A local med spa answering one awkward pre-appointment question per week. An Amazon home brand comparing assembly time with and without tools. Those formats don’t look flashy, but they can keep working. Especially in the US market, where regional habits and buying contexts vary … Read more

TikTok Marketing Is the Fastest Growth Lever in the US Right Now

TikTok Marketing

A few months ago, I watched a mid-sized beauty brand spend weeks polishing a launch video for TikTok. Studio lights, clean backdrop, perfect voiceover, every frame approved by three people. It looked expensive. It also looked like an ad, which was the problem. A scrappier version filmed later on someone’s phone in a cluttered bathroom did better. Not 10% better. More like “why did we waste all that time” better. The creator stumbled a little in the intro, showed the texture on her hand, and mentioned that the pump sometimes dispensed too much product. Comments rolled in. People asked where to buy it, whether it worked on oily skin, whether it pilled under sunscreen. Actual buying questions. That’s the thing a lot of US brands are still catching up to: TikTok isn’t just another social channel to keep warm. For a lot of categories, it’s the fastest place to find message-market fit, creative fit, and, if you handle it right, real revenue. Not theoretical awareness. Revenue. Why a TikTok Growth Agency gets pulled in after the brand is already frustrated Usually, by the time a TikTok Growth Agency gets the call, the internal team has already tried a few predictable moves. They’ve reposted Instagram Reels. They’ve hired one creator who read the brief too perfectly. They’ve jumped on a trend that peaked about two weeks earlier. Then someone says TikTok “doesn’t work for our audience.” Sometimes that’s true. More often, the content was too controlled, too late, or too disconnected from what people were actually reacting to. I’ve seen this with food brands trying to force premium lifestyle content when the winning angle was a freezer-door snack hack. I’ve seen it with home products where a polished product reel lost to a quick kitchen demo with bad overhead lighting and a very convincing before-and-after. I’ve seen local service businesses in the USA do surprisingly well just by answering the exact questions customers ask on the phone every day. TikTok tends to reward clarity and immediacy. Not polish for its own sake. A good TikTok Growth Agency usually isn’t there to make your brand look cooler. It’s there to shorten the distance between what customers care about and what your content is actually saying. The work a tiktok marketing company should be doing, not just promising There are a lot of agencies calling themselves a tiktok marketing company, and honestly, some of them are just repackaging influencer outreach with a trend report attached. That’s not enough. A useful tiktok marketing company should be able to do a few things at once: – Find creative angles that don’t sound like ad copy – Source creators who feel believable on camera – Read comment sections like customer research – Turn organic winners into paid assets before the moment passes – Know when to stop overproducing content That last one matters more than people think. Some brands still treat TikTok creative like a mini commercial. But the content that moves in the US market often feels more like a recommendation, a demo, a comparison, or even a mild complaint with a payoff. For example, an Amazon home product might not need a dramatic brand story. It might just need someone showing how it fixes an annoying cabinet problem in seven seconds. A fitness brand might learn that “fat-burning” messaging gets ignored, while a creator saying “I use this after work because I’m too tired for a full workout” gets saves and comments. Those are very different inputs, and a smart tiktok marketing company knows the difference. US brands are moving faster here because TikTok gives feedback before the campaign is “finished” This is where the speed comes from. With other channels, brands often spend a lot before they know whether the message lands. On TikTok, you usually know pretty quickly if something is resonating, and not only from view count. The comments are often more useful than the dashboard. I’ve seen comments reveal objections the sales page completely missed. A skincare product getting strong engagement, but half the comments were from people asking if it was fragrance-free. A snack brand with solid video retention, but repeated questions about where it was sold in the Midwest. A local med spa getting traction from treatment videos, but comments kept asking about pricing and downtime, which told us exactly what the next content batch needed to address. This is why a TikTok Growth Agency can become such a strong growth partner. When they’re good, they’re not just shipping content. They’re collecting market signals in public. And that changes how fast you can iterate. A tiktok marketing company should treat organic and paid like they belong together A lot of brands still split these functions too hard. Organic team over here. Paid social team over there. Creator team somewhere in between, maybe in a Slack channel nobody checks. That setup slows everything down. A strong tiktok marketing company will look at organic posts as testing ground, not separate from media buying. If a creator video gets unusually high watch time and comments from the right kind of customer, that’s not just a nice organic win. That’s a signal. You cut variants, test hooks, tighten the CTA, and move. This matters for DTC brands, but also for retail launches. If you’re trying to drive movement at Target, Walmart, Ulta, Sephora, CVS, wherever, TikTok can surface the exact angle that gets people to care. Sometimes it’s not the feature your brand team thought would matter. I worked on a product launch where the team wanted to lead with ingredients. What actually got traction was the packaging format because people immediately understood how it fit into their routine. Not glamorous. Very useful. A capable tiktok marketing company catches those moments and doesn’t cling to the original brief just because it looked good in a deck. Not every brand needs a huge creator roster This is another place people overcomplicate things. You don’t always need 50 creators a month. Sometimes you … Read more

Why Posting Daily Is No Longer a TikTok Marketing Strategy

TikTok Marketing Strategy

I’ve sat in too many meetings where someone says, “We just need to post more.” Usually that comes right after a flat month on TikTok, a couple underperforming creator videos, and one panicked look at a competitor’s account that seems to upload every five minutes. And sure, there was a stretch when volume covered a lot of mistakes. A brand could post three times a day, throw enough trends at the wall, and eventually something would hit. That’s not really the situation now. Not for most brands in the USA, anyway. Not if you care about efficiency, creative quality, comments that actually lead somewhere, or whether TikTok is helping sales instead of just filling a content calendar. Posting daily isn’t a strategy. It’s a publishing pace. Sometimes it’s the right one. A lot of times, it’s just busy work dressed up as momentum. The daily-posting habit came from a real place This idea didn’t appear out of nowhere. Early on, TikTok rewarded experimentation in a way that felt unusually forgiving. You could post a rough product demo, a founder talking to camera, a trend remix, a customer testimonial, and some weird behind-the-scenes clip all in the same week and learn fast. For a beauty brand launching a new lip oil at Target, that kind of volume could be useful. Same for a DTC kitchen gadget brand trying to figure out whether “problem/solution” demos worked better than chaotic creator-style reactions filmed near a sink with bad overhead lighting. Sometimes the bad lighting won, by the way. But a lot of teams took the lesson too literally. They heard “test often” and turned it into “post constantly.” Different thing. A good tiktok marketing agency will usually push back on that. Not because frequency never matters, but because frequency without a creative point of view tends to produce a pile of average videos no one remembers. Why more posts often means worse TikTok The most obvious problem is creative fatigue. Internal teams run out of angles. Creators start sounding over-briefed. Paid social managers begin boosting content they don’t even like because there’s something due by Thursday. You can see it in the videos. The script is too clean. The hook sounds borrowed. The creator pauses half a beat before the key selling point because they’re trying to remember the exact line from the brief. Comments get thin. Watch time drops. Then someone says the algorithm changed. Sometimes it did. Sometimes the content just got stale. That’s where smart tiktok marketing services matter more than raw output. The work isn’t just making more assets. It’s figuring out which creative patterns deserve repetition and which ones are already tired. There’s a difference between iteration and duplication, and a lot of brands miss it. I’ve seen a home products brand insist on daily posting for two months straight. Nice team, decent budget, solid product. But every video kept explaining the product the same way. Studio setup, polished voiceover, clean captions. Meanwhile, a single UGC-style clip filmed in an actual kitchen — crumbs on the counter, dog barking in the background, not kidding — outperformed the rest because it showed the mess the product was actually solving. That one insight was worth more than 20 filler posts. TikTok rewards relevance, not just consistency Consistency still matters. Just not in the old “feed the machine every day” way. What matters more now is whether the video feels current, believable, and native to how people use the app. A food brand posting four stale recipe edits a week is not automatically in a better position than a brand posting two sharper pieces that match what people are already watching and talking about. A lot of tiktok marketing services now spend more time on creative analysis than publishing schedules. That’s a good shift. Teams should be asking: – Did this hook earn the next three seconds? – Did the creator feel natural or weirdly rehearsed? – Did comments surface objections the landing page never addressed? – Did people save it, stitch it, ask where to buy it, or just scroll? Those questions lead somewhere. “Did we hit seven posts this week?” usually doesn’t. And there’s another issue. Trends move fast, but not every brand should chase all of them. I’ve watched companies join a sound two weeks too late because someone insisted the calendar had to stay full. The result is almost always awkward. Especially for local service businesses, retail chains, or Amazon-first brands trying to look “fun” on command. A tiktok marketing agency that knows what it’s doing will protect a brand from that kind of forced participation. What brands should be doing instead This is the part where generic articles usually say “focus on quality over quantity,” which is true but also a little lazy. The more useful version is this: build a repeatable system for finding winning creative angles, then publish at the pace your team can actually sustain without turning everything bland. That usually means a few things. Treat content like testing, not like chores The strongest tiktok marketing services are built around structured testing. Not random posting. Testing hooks, offers, creators, formats, editing styles, and comment-led follow-ups. For example, a fitness brand in the US might learn that transformation-style content underperforms, while “here’s how I use this before my 6 a.m. class” works because it feels less like an ad and more like routine-based proof. That insight can shape ten future videos. Daily posting by itself won’t give you that. Careful testing will. Build around creators who don’t sound like ad copy This one matters more than some marketers want to admit. A lot of brands ruin decent concepts by over-controlling the script. If a creator naturally says, “I didn’t think this would do much, but…” and your team rewrites it to “This product transformed my routine,” performance tends to suffer. People can hear the brief. They may not say it that way, but they know. Good tiktok marketing services usually include creator direction … Read more

Why TikTok Marketing Feels Unpredictable to Brands (But Isn’t)

TikTok Marketing

A brand manager watches a TikTok video get 312 views. Same product, same creator, same week, next post gets 184,000. Then a polished ad with a real budget behind it limps along while a quick demo filmed near a sink takes off in comments and saves. If you work in marketing, that kind of thing can make TikTok feel random. A little chaotic. Maybe even annoying. I get why teams say that. I’ve sat in review calls where someone wanted a neat explanation for every spike and drop, and TikTok usually doesn’t give you one in a format that makes finance happy. But “unpredictable” isn’t quite right. What’s really happening is that most brands are bringing expectations from Meta, Google, retail media, even TV, and TikTok just doesn’t behave like those channels. That doesn’t mean it’s magic. It means it has its own logic. What a TikTok Agency usually sees before the brand does A good TikTok Agency will spot the pattern pretty quickly: the brand is often trying to control the wrong variables. They obsess over posting times, hashtags, and whether the logo showed up in the first second. Meanwhile the bigger issue is that the video feels over-managed. The creator is reading a script too perfectly. The hook sounds approved by legal, not written for a person scrolling in bed. The product benefit is technically there, but buried under brand language nobody would actually say out loud. That’s where a lot of the confusion starts. On TikTok, performance often looks uneven from the outside because small creative differences matter more than teams expect. A food brand can post two near-identical snack videos, and the winner is the one where the creator tears open the bag on camera and says, “Okay, this is actually better than I expected.” Not because it’s more “authentic” in some abstract sense. Because it gives the viewer a reaction, a texture cue, and a reason to keep watching. I’ve seen comments do more strategy work than a research deck. A beauty brand thought customers cared most about shade range, but TikTok comments kept asking whether the product separated after a few hours and if it sat well over sunscreen. That changed the next round of content, and performance got steadier. Not instantly. But noticeably. The platform isn’t random. It’s just less forgiving TikTok doesn’t hand out attention evenly, and that’s exactly why brands get jumpy. You can’t coast on decent creative. “Pretty good” often disappears. That’s especially hard for larger teams in the USA, where content approval can turn a simple idea into something oddly stiff. By the time a trend gets approved, captioned, revised, and sent back through legal, it’s usually late. Not always dead, but late enough to feel like the brand showed up to the party after cleanup started. The brands that do better tend to treat TikTok less like a campaign channel and more like an active feedback loop. They test hooks. They test creator types. They test whether a kitchen counter demo beats studio lighting. Very often it does. And this is where experienced tiktok marketing partners earn their keep. Not by promising virality. Mostly by reducing bad assumptions before they get expensive. Why polished brand instincts can get in the way A lot of internal teams are trained to protect consistency. Fair enough. That matters in retail, on Amazon, in paid search, on packaging. But TikTok has a way of exposing when consistency turns into sameness. A home product brand might insist every video needs the same intro card, same color treatment, same product angle. Then a creator posts a looser version from her laundry room, dog barking in the background, and that’s the one that drives clicks. Annoying? Sure. Useful? Also yes. The issue isn’t that quality doesn’t matter. It’s that viewers on TikTok are reading for signals differently. They’re scanning for tension, payoff, specificity, maybe a little friction. Not for brand discipline. That’s why strong tiktok marketing partners usually push clients to separate brand guidelines from content habits. Some rules still matter. Product claims matter. FTC compliance matters. But insisting every creator say the tagline exactly right? Usually a waste of everyone’s time. The real work is in creative volume and pattern recognition Most brands don’t fail on TikTok because they had one bad post. They fail because they never build enough creative volume to learn anything useful. One week they post a founder video. Two weeks later, a trend remix. Then a product montage. Then they stop for a month and decide the platform is inconsistent. That’s not a TikTok problem. That’s a testing problem. The smart tiktok marketing partners are usually running more like editorial teams than campaign managers. They’re looking at: – Which hooks hold attention past the first two seconds – Which objections show up in comments – Which creator delivery styles feel natural versus rehearsed – Which offers belong in the video versus the landing page And the answers can be weirdly specific. A fitness supplement brand may find that “what I take beforhttps://theshortmedia.com/how-tiktok-ugc-is-reshaping-brand-trust-in-the-us/e my 6 a.m. workout” performs better than any benefit-led script. An Amazon kitchen product might get stronger conversion when the creator shows the cleanup, not the feature itself. A local med spa in Texas might see better leads from staff-shot explainer videos than from glossy founder footage. That’s not randomness. That’s pattern recognition with more moving parts. Why paid media teams get frustrated, and how a TikTok Agency fixes that Paid social teams often want stable inputs. Understandable. They need repeatability. Forecasts. Some level of control over spend and return. TikTok can support that, but only after the creative side gets sorted out. A TikTok Agency that understands paid and organic together will usually build a wider top of funnel for creative testing first, then identify what deserves budget. Not every decent organic post becomes a strong ad, and not every ad concept works organically. But there’s usually overlap, especially when the content starts with a … Read more

How TikTok Is Replacing Traditional Search for US Consumers

US Consumers

A few years ago, if someone wanted a good cleanser for acne-prone skin, a taco spot in Austin, or a standing desk that didn’t wobble, they’d probably start with Google. Type a few words, skim the results, open five tabs, maybe read a Reddit thread, maybe not. Now? A lot of them open TikTok first. You can see it in the comments. “I searched this on TikTok before buying.” “Came here instead of Google.” “Does this work for oily skin though?” That last part matters. People aren’t just looking for information. They want to watch somebody use the thing, complain about it, compare it to another option, and scroll through comments that feel less filtered than a product page. That shift has big implications for brands in the USA, especially anyone working in tiktok digital marketing. Search behavior is getting messier, more visual, and more personality-driven. Not for every category, obviously. Nobody’s heading to TikTok to look up IRS forms. But for discovery-heavy purchases, local recommendations, product research, and trend-sensitive categories, TikTok is eating into what used to belong to search engines. Search used to be cleaner. TikTok isn’t. Traditional search is built for intent that’s already somewhat formed. You know what you need, or close enough. You type it in. You get links. TikTok works differently. Someone might search “best protein powder for bloating” and end up buying electrolyte packets because a creator casually mentioned them while making breakfast. That’s not a flaw. That’s the product. This is where digital marketing tiktok gets interesting. The platform doesn’t separate search, entertainment, reviews, and impulse nearly as much as Google does. They all bleed together. A user starts with a practical question and ends up in a comment section full of side-by-side opinions, mini objections, and weirdly useful details no brand team would’ve thought to put on a landing page. I’ve seen comments do more selling than the video itself. A creator posts a quick demo of a home carpet cleaner in her kitchen, filmed with bad overhead lighting, and half the comments are people asking if it works on pet stains. Then someone who bought it six months ago replies with photos. That’s not a polished funnel. It still moves product. Why US consumers are using TikTok like a search engine Part of it is speed, but not the kind marketers usually mean. Google gives you options. TikTok gives you context fast. You can tell in about three seconds whether the person talking feels believable, whether the product looks cheap, whether the “before and after” is fake, whether the restaurant actually looks busy, whether the leggings roll down when someone squats. Users are making snap judgments, sure, but they’re doing it with more texture than a blue link provides. For digital marketing tiktok, that means brands have to think less like publishers and more like participants in an ongoing recommendation loop. Here’s where TikTok keeps pulling people in: It shows the product in real life, not in brand-approved life A serum in a glossy campaign image is one thing. A creator applying it in a car mirror before work is another. A pan sauce in a styled food shoot looks nice. A dad making it with frozen chicken and saying “okay, this actually saved dinner” hits differently. Beauty brands in the US figured this out early. So did food brands. A grocery item can sit quietly on shelf for months, then one creator uses it in a lazy lunch video and suddenly people are searching store locations in the comments. Search results feel less formal, which weirdly helps People don’t always want the most authoritative answer. They want an answer from someone who seems close enough to their situation. If you’re looking for a treadmill desk for a small apartment, a review from a woman in a cramped Chicago rental may be more useful than a top-ranking editorial roundup. If you’re comparing press-on nails before a wedding, a creator showing day-five wear while opening packages at her retail job is giving you information a polished review often skips. That’s a big reason tiktok digital marketing works when it doesn’t feel too engineered. The minute a creator reads a script too perfectly, people notice. They may not say “this is overproduced,” but they’ll scroll. Comments fill in the gaps This part gets overlooked by teams that treat TikTok as just another video channel. Comments are often where the real search behavior happens. People ask if the shade runs orange. If the snack tastes too sweet. If the mop head can be washed. If the local med spa is actually clean. If the Amazon dupe broke after a week. For digital marketing tiktok, comments aren’t just engagement metrics. They’re unpaid market research. They show objections the PDP missed, language customers actually use, and edge cases nobody included in the campaign brief. I’ve watched a fitness brand get repeated questions about whether resistance bands snapped during use. Their website barely addressed durability. The next round of creator content showed stretching, anchoring, and wear over time. Conversion rate improved. Not magic. Just listening. What this means for brands trying to win discovery A lot of brand teams still treat TikTok like a place to repost campaign cutdowns and trend-hop when they have time. Usually two weeks too late. That approach doesn’t hold up when users are actively searching there. If your brand shows up in TikTok search, the content has to answer something. It can entertain too, sure, but it needs to help a person make a decision. That changes how digital marketing tiktok should be planned. SEO matters on TikTok, but not in the old way Captions, spoken keywords, on-screen text, search-friendly phrasing — all of that matters. But stuffing terms into a caption won’t save a weak video. TikTok still rewards content people actually watch and interact with. For tiktok digital marketing, a better approach is to build around search-shaped content: – “Best foundation for humid weather” – “What this couch … Read more

TikTok Marketing in 2026 Has Moved Beyond Viral Content

TikTok Marketing

A couple of years ago, I sat in on a creative review where a brand team kept asking the same thing: “Can we make this go viral?” They were launching a protein snack at Target, and every concept somehow turned into a chase for the perfect trend, the perfect sound, the perfect lucky break. None of that was the real problem. The problem was that their TikTok content looked like advertising trying to cosplay as TikTok. Too polished. Too approved. A creator read the script so cleanly it felt like a hostage video with ring light lighting. The comments told us more than the brief did: people wanted to know if the bars were chalky, if they melted in a gym bag, if they were worth the price compared to Quest. The sales page didn’t answer that stuff. TikTok did. That’s where things sit in 2026. The platform still has breakout moments, obviously. But serious teams in the USA aren’t building their whole plan around virality anymore. They’re treating TikTok as an operating channel for demand, creative testing, creator sourcing, retail feedback, and conversion support. If you’re still thinking of it as “post enough and hope one pops,” you’re working with an outdated playbook. Why tiktok marketing services look different now A lot of tiktok marketing services used to be built around a thin promise: trend spotting, post scheduling, maybe a few creators, and a monthly report that mostly celebrated views. That model feels old now. What clients actually need is tighter coordination between organic content, paid media, creator whitelisting, landing pages, Amazon conversion, and customer insight. The strongest agencies and in-house teams aren’t just asking what should be posted. They’re asking what content is producing useful signals. For example, a home cleaning brand might post a simple side-by-side mop demo filmed in somebody’s kitchen. Not a studio set. Real tile, bad overhead lighting, a dog bowl in the corner. If that video pulls comments about streaking on dark floors, that’s not just engagement. That’s product messaging, objection handling, maybe even PDP copy. That’s a big reason tiktok marketing services have become more operational. Less “content calendar,” more “feedback loop.” And honestly, good. The old way wasted a lot of time. TikTok for marketing is now a testing lab, not just a reach channel This is probably the biggest shift. tiktok for marketing in 2026 works best when you stop treating every post like a campaign asset and start treating content like fast, public market research. Beauty brands figured this out early. A founder can talk for 22 seconds about why a concealer doesn’t crease under the eyes, then comments immediately fill with the real concerns: mature skin, olive undertones, flashback, dry patches. That’s better input than a lot of survey work, and it arrives fast. The same thing happens with food, fitness, and household products. A DTC cookware brand posts a pan searing salmon. Fine. But the version that tends to do better is the one where someone says, casually, “I thought this was going to stick because my last nonstick pan was terrible after three months.” That line feels lived-in. It also surfaces the exact comparison buyers are making. Using tiktok for marketing well means testing: – hooks that sound like a customer thought, not a headline – creator styles that feel believable on camera – objections people repeat in comments – offers that actually move people to click – product demos in real environments Not every test needs to “win.” Some are there to tell you what not to scale. The brands doing well aren’t chasing trends two weeks too late You can still use trends. Just don’t build your whole strategy around them. I’ve watched too many teams approve a trend after legal review, internal edits, brand tweaks, and three rounds of stakeholder comments, only to post it after the moment already passed. At that point, it doesn’t read as current. It reads as a brand trying to catch up. That’s why tiktok for marketing has become less about trend participation and more about format fluency. Different thing. Format fluency means knowing what kind of content fits the platform even when it isn’t trend-based: – a founder talking straight to camera – a customer-style demo with imperfect framing – a “here’s what I didn’t like at first” review – comment replies that handle skepticism – side-by-side comparisons – retail shelf footage when a product lands in Walmart, Ulta, or Whole Foods A lot of retail launch content in the US works because it feels immediate and useful. “Spotted this at CVS” still does something. So does “here’s every shade in natural light.” Not because it’s flashy. Because it answers the next question in somebody’s head. What paid teams learned from organic teams, finally For a while, paid social teams and organic TikTok teams often worked like distant cousins. Same family, barely speaking. That separation doesn’t hold up anymore. tiktok marketing services that actually perform usually have paid and organic feeding each other constantly. Organic identifies language, hooks, creator types, and product angles. Paid scales the versions that hold attention and convert. Then paid performance data comes back and sharpens the next round of creative. This matters a lot for tiktok for marketing because polished ad creative still underperforms surprisingly often, especially in categories where buyers want proof before they want branding. An Amazon-focused supplement brand, for instance, may find that a creator shot in her car explaining why she switched from one magnesium gummy to another beats the expensive studio cut. Not because the studio version was bad. It just answered fewer real objections. It looked approved. People can feel that. And when creators read scripts too perfectly, performance usually drops. You can almost hear the legal department in the cadence. Creator content got more useful once brands stopped over-controlling it There was a period when every creator brief sounded like it had been assembled by six nervous people in a shared doc. Must mention … Read more

Why TikTok Marketing Is Becoming the First Channel US Brands Invest In

TikTok Marketing

A couple years ago, a lot of US brands treated TikTok like the intern project. Post a few trend clips, send some product to creators, maybe boost a video if it accidentally did well. That was the vibe. Now I keep seeing the opposite. A beauty founder in Miami wants TikTok content before she finalizes her Meta creative. A snack brand launching in Target asks for creator whitelisting plans before they even lock their retail display copy. A local med spa in Dallas is less interested in polished brand videos than in getting three believable “day in the life” clips shot by people who actually look like customers. That shift didn’t happen because marketers suddenly got more adventurous. It happened because marketing on tiktok started answering questions other channels were getting worse at answering. What does the product look like in someone’s real house? Does it actually solve the annoying little problem it claims to solve? What are people skeptical about before they buy? And when brands want that answered fast, they often end up talking to a tiktok marketing agency  usa team before they brief anyone else. The early budget is moving for a reason A lot of media plans still pretend the funnel is neat. Awareness up top, conversion down below, creative adapted by channel, tidy reporting. Real life is messier. Someone sees a collagen powder mixed into coffee on TikTok, reads comments about taste, gets served a retargeting ad on Instagram, then buys on Amazon three days later because there’s a coupon. US brands are putting TikTok earlier in the budget because it influences the whole chain, even when last-click reporting doesn’t give it much credit. That’s especially true for products that need a little showing, not just telling. Think: – a countertop ice maker for apartment renters   – a posture corrector that looks awkward until you see someone wear it under a hoodie   – a scalp serum that needs texture, routine, and before-and-after context   – a protein snack that sounds boring on paper but looks good in a lunch prep video With marketing on tiktok, the product gets tried in public. Not in a focus group. In front of comments. That matters more than some brands want to admit. I’ve seen comment sections surface objections a sales page completely missed. A home cleaning product had decent click-through but weak conversion until TikTok comments kept asking if it was safe around pets. Nobody had addressed it clearly. Once creators started casually showing the spray being used around dog beds and the brand added that language to PDPs, sales picked up. Not magic. Just useful feedback. Why a TikTok-first approach looks more practical than experimental There’s still a weird habit of talking about TikTok as if it’s mostly trends and dancing. That’s usually a sign someone hasn’t worked inside an account recently. For a lot of brands, marketing on tiktok is becoming the fastest way to find out what message actually lands. Not the message the founder likes. Not the one legal made the safest. The one people stop for. A script that reads too perfectly usually dies. You can feel it in the first two seconds. The creator sounds like they’re auditioning for a commercial, and viewers scroll. But a rougher clip filmed in a kitchen, with someone saying, “I thought this was gonna be gimmicky, but…” can outperform studio content by a mile. I’ve watched that happen with kitchen gadgets, skincare tools, even pretty boring storage products. That’s one reason a tiktok marketing agency usa partner is getting pulled in earlier. Good teams aren’t just buying ads. They’re helping brands figure out what kind of proof the market needs. Creative testing happens faster here On other channels, brands often overwork creative before it ever ships. Too many approvals. Too much polishing. By the time it launches, the ad feels expensive and slightly dead. With marketing on tiktok, a brand can test five hooks around the same product pain point in a week. Maybe for a fitness recovery tool it’s: – “I bought this because my lower back was wrecked after long runs” – “Physical therapy told me to do this at home” – “This looked dumb until I tried it after leg day” Those are very different entry points. And the comments will tell you which audience is actually leaning in. That speed is a budgeting argument, not just a creative one. It’s pulling double duty: research and acquisition This is the part finance teams eventually notice. TikTok content can inform paid social, landing pages, Amazon listings, email angles, even retail sell-in decks. A DTC haircare brand might start with marketing on tiktok to test whether customers care more about frizz control or wash-day time savings. Once one angle clearly wins in creator content, that language starts showing up everywhere else. Suddenly TikTok isn’t “another channel.” It’s where the messaging got sharpened. That’s a big reason brands choose a tiktok marketing agency usa setup before they scale spend elsewhere. They want signal early, not just impressions. Marketing on TikTok works well for products that need believable proof Some categories fit especially well. Beauty is obvious, but it’s not just beauty. Food brands do well when the product appears in an actual routine instead of a tabletop ad. A frozen high-protein breakfast sandwich looks very different in a glossy campaign than it does being unwrapped before a 7:30 a.m. commute. Guess which one feels more convincing. Home products too. I’ve seen a mop demo filmed in a slightly messy kitchen beat a clean studio version because the mess looked normal. The studio ad said “brand.” The kitchen clip said “this is what happens after my kids eat blueberries.” Different energy. For local services in the USA, marketing on tiktok can be surprisingly effective when the business stops trying to act national. Orthodontists, med spas, gyms, even HVAC companies can build traction with local faces and familiar neighborhood cues. The content doesn’t need to be viral. It … Read more

Why TikTok Is the Fastest-Growing Marketing Channel in the USA

Marketing

The growth of TikTok has reshaped the digital marketing landscape in the United States more rapidly than any social platform before it. While channels such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and Google Search remain integral to most marketing mixes, none have expanded their influence, user engagement, and commercial relevance at the pace TikTok has achieved. What began as an entertainment-focused app has evolved into a full-scale marketing channel capable of driving awareness, consideration, and direct revenue at speed. TikTok digital marketing is growing faster than other channels because it aligns closely with how modern audiences consume content and make decisions. Unlike traditional social platforms that rely heavily on follower-based distribution, TikTok’s discovery-driven model allows brands to reach large audiences without years of audience-building. This structural advantage has dramatically lowered the barrier to entry for brands while increasing the velocity at which content can generate impact. In the United States, where consumer attention is fragmented and competition for visibility is intense, TikTok has emerged as a uniquely efficient channel. Brands can test ideas quickly, scale what works, and pivot in response to real-time feedback. This agility stands in stark contrast to slower, more rigid channels that require significant investment before meaningful results are visible. As a result, digital marketing TikTok strategies are increasingly prioritised by brands across industries, from consumer packaged goods and fashion to technology, education, and professional services. This article examines why TikTok is the fastest-growing marketing channel in the USA, exploring the behavioural and technical factors driving its growth, how brands are capitalising on the platform, the role of a structured TikTok marketing strategy, and the measurable benefits for U.S. brands. Factors Driving TikTok’s Growth TikTok’s rapid expansion as a marketing channel is not accidental. It is driven by a combination of user behaviour and algorithmic design that fundamentally differs from other platforms. These factors create conditions where content travels faster, engagement is deeper, and marketing outcomes are achieved more efficiently. User Behavior User behaviour on TikTok is a primary driver of the platform’s marketing growth in the United States. TikTok users do not primarily open the app to connect with people they already know; they open it to be entertained, informed, or inspired. This intent shifts how content is consumed and how brands can insert themselves into the experience. Unlike platforms where users skim content passively, TikTok encourages active viewing. Videos occupy the full screen, sound is typically on, and users spend extended periods scrolling through content tailored to their interests. This immersive environment increases attention and recall, making TikTok a powerful channel for brand messaging when executed correctly. U.S. audiences also demonstrate a higher willingness to engage with brands on TikTok compared to other platforms. Commenting, sharing, and remixing branded content feels natural when that content aligns with platform norms. This behavioural openness accelerates feedback loops and allows brands to refine messaging quickly. TikTok digital marketing benefits directly from this dynamic, as engagement is not limited to likes but extends to meaningful interaction that signals relevance and interest. Algorithm Reach TikTok’s algorithm is another critical factor behind its rapid growth as a marketing channel. Unlike follower-centric algorithms, TikTok’s recommendation system prioritises content performance over account size. Videos are distributed based on how viewers respond to them, including watch time, completion rates, and interaction, rather than how many followers the creator has. For brands in the USA, this creates an unprecedented opportunity. New or lesser-known brands can achieve significant reach if their content resonates, without the need for large budgets or established audiences. This democratisation of distribution is a stark departure from platforms where organic reach has steadily declined over time. The algorithm’s responsiveness also enables rapid scaling. Content that performs well with a small test audience is quickly shown to larger groups, allowing brands to capitalise on momentum while relevance is high. Digital marketing TikTok strategies thrive in this environment because performance feedback is immediate and actionable, enabling faster optimisation than traditional channels. How Brands Are Capitalizing U.S. brands are capitalising on TikTok’s growth by adapting their approach to content creation and audience engagement. Rather than treating TikTok as a secondary channel, they are integrating it into core marketing operations and rethinking how value is delivered through content. Content-First Strategies Content-first strategies are at the heart of successful TikTok digital marketing. Brands that perform well on TikTok prioritise creative output over rigid campaign structures. This does not mean abandoning strategy, but rather allowing content to lead discovery and engagement before layering in conversion-focused messaging. Content-first approaches focus on storytelling, education, and entertainment that aligns with platform culture. Brands experiment with formats such as behind-the-scenes videos, tutorials, commentary, and trend participation, all designed to feel native rather than promotional. This approach builds familiarity and trust, which are essential precursors to conversion on TikTok. In the USA, where consumers are increasingly resistant to traditional advertising, content-first strategies allow brands to earn attention rather than demand it. Over time, consistent content builds recognition and credibility, positioning the brand as part of the TikTok ecosystem rather than an outsider attempting to interrupt it. Role of Marketing Strategy While TikTok rewards creativity, sustained success depends on a structured TikTok marketing strategy. Strategy ensures that experimentation leads to learning, and learning leads to scalable growth rather than isolated wins. Testing and Scaling Testing and scaling are central to effective TikTok digital marketing. Brands that grow fastest on TikTok treat content as a series of experiments, each designed to test a specific hypothesis about audience interest, messaging, or format. Performance data is then used to determine which ideas merit further investment. Testing allows brands to fail quickly and inexpensively, reducing risk while increasing insight. Once winning content is identified, scaling through organic distribution or paid amplification accelerates impact. This iterative process enables brands to move from insight to execution far faster than on traditional channels. A disciplined TikTok marketing strategy formalises this process. Clear testing frameworks, performance benchmarks, and scaling criteria ensure that growth is repeatable rather than accidental. In the U.S. market, … Read more

How US Agencies Turn TikTok Trends Into Revenue

Agencies

TikTok has transformed the digital marketing landscape, offering brands a platform where trends move fast and engagement is high. For US businesses, participating in TikTok trends is no longer optional—it has become a key driver of visibility, engagement, and revenue. However, successfully leveraging these trends requires expertise, timing, and strategic execution. A TikTok marketing agency specialises in transforming viral moments into measurable business outcomes. By monitoring trends, analysing data, adapting creative content, and executing campaigns at scale, these agencies ensure that brands convert attention into tangible results. Whether it’s through organic content, paid campaigns, or influencer collaborations, TikTok marketing agencies help US brands stay ahead of the curve and maximise ROI. This guide explores how agencies identify trends, transform them into campaigns, and scale them for revenue, highlighting the benefits for brands and providing a real case study of success. How Agencies Identify Trends TikTok trends emerge quickly, making timely identification critical for campaign success. Agencies combine platform monitoring with data-driven insights to pinpoint opportunities. Platform Monitoring Agencies continually monitor TikTok’s For You Page (FYP), trending hashtags, viral sounds, and emerging content formats. Observing popular creators, engagement patterns, and viral posts helps agencies identify which trends are gaining momentum. This proactive monitoring allows brands to participate in relevant trends early, increasing the likelihood of virality. A TikTok Specialized Agency can discern trends that align with a brand’s image and audience, avoiding content that feels forced or irrelevant. Data Analysis Beyond surface-level observation, agencies leverage TikTok analytics and third-party tools to analyse trends. Metrics such as engagement rates, share counts, watch time, and demographic data provide insights into which trends resonate most with target audiences. Data-driven analysis ensures that brands invest resources in trends likely to yield engagement and revenue rather than chasing fleeting viral moments. TikTok advertising agencies use these insights to plan creative adaptations, allocate budgets effectively, and track campaign performance in real time. Turning Trends Into Campaigns Once trends are identified, agencies focus on transforming them into actionable campaigns that align with business goals. Creative Adaptation Trends must be adapted to reflect a brand’s identity while maintaining relevance. Agencies translate trending formats, sounds, or challenges into content that showcases products or services authentically. For example, a trending dance or audio clip might be incorporated into a product demonstration, tutorial, or customer testimonial video. Creative adaptation ensures that the content resonates with TikTok users while reinforcing brand messaging. Fast Execution Timing is critical on TikTok. Trends can peak and fade within days, so rapid content production and deployment are essential. Agencies streamline processes for scripting, filming, editing, and publishing, ensuring that campaigns capture trends at their height. Fast execution enables US brands to ride the momentum of viral trends, maximising visibility, engagement, and potential conversions. A TikTok marketing agency coordinates teams, tools, and schedules to ensure campaigns are delivered efficiently without compromising quality. Role of a TikTok Specialized Agency Strategy A TikTok Specialized Agency designs trend-driven campaigns with clear objectives. Strategies consider target audience, engagement goals, messaging, and monetisation pathways. Agencies determine which trends to pursue, how to adapt them creatively, and which ad formats or influencer partnerships will amplify reach. Strategic planning ensures that trend participation is purposeful, aligns with brand identity, and supports broader marketing objectives such as lead generation, sales, or app installs. Scaling After successful trend-based content is identified, agencies scale campaigns for maximum impact. Scaling may include producing multiple variations of high-performing videos, distributing content through paid promotion, or collaborating with multiple creators to expand reach. Scaling allows US brands to convert viral attention into measurable outcomes, whether it’s increased website traffic, higher sales, or app downloads. TikTok advertising agencies use A/B testing and analytics to optimise scaling strategies, ensuring budget efficiency and campaign effectiveness. Benefits for Brands Faster ROI Trend-driven campaigns allow brands to generate revenue more quickly than traditional marketing approaches. Viral content attracts attention rapidly, leading to higher engagement, website visits, and conversions. TikTok marketing agencies ensure that campaigns are structured to capitalise on these trends, turning views into measurable business outcomes. By integrating both organic and paid strategies, brands achieve a faster return on investment. Higher Engagement Trends inherently encourage interaction. Users are more likely to like, share, comment, or recreate content associated with a trending format. Agencies harness this engagement by designing campaigns that encourage participation, fostering community and loyalty around the brand. Higher engagement also signals to TikTok’s algorithm that content is valuable, increasing visibility and further driving reach. This virtuous cycle ensures that trend-driven campaigns generate both immediate and sustained engagement. Case Study: Gymshark – Leveraging TikTok Trends in the US Gymshark, a fitness apparel brand originally from the UK, has successfully leveraged TikTok trends to drive revenue in the US market. The brand adopted a trend-driven marketing strategy, partnering with fitness influencers to participate in trending challenges, demonstrate workout routines, and showcase apparel in creative, viral ways. By working with a TikTok marketing agency, Gymshark identified high-performing trends, adapted content to match its brand tone, and executed campaigns quickly. The result was significant increases in brand awareness, follower growth, and direct sales. Gymshark’s trend-based TikTok campaigns have become a core component of its US marketing strategy, demonstrating how agencies turn viral moments into tangible business outcomes. Conclusion TikTok trends present a unique opportunity for US brands to accelerate growth and drive revenue. However, capitalising on these trends requires expertise, speed, and strategic execution. A TikTok marketing agency identifies trends, adapts them creatively, and scales campaigns to maximise impact. By monitoring platform activity, analysing data, and executing campaigns quickly, agencies help brands achieve faster ROI, higher engagement, and measurable business outcomes. TikTok Specialized Agencies play a critical role in converting attention into revenue, allowing brands to participate meaningfully in the platform’s dynamic ecosystem. FAQs How does a TikTok marketing agency turn trends into revenue? Agencies identify trending content, adapt it creatively for brand alignment, and execute campaigns that convert engagement into measurable outcomes such as sales or leads. What role does a TikTok Specialized Agency play … Read more

The Evolution of TikTok Marketing in the American Market

Marketing

TikTok has quickly transformed from a niche social platform into a central pillar of digital marketing in the United States. Brands across industries have recognised the unique opportunities the platform provides, from organic visibility to highly targeted paid campaigns. The evolution of TikTok digital marketing in the American market reflects broader changes in consumer behaviour, content consumption, and marketing strategies. Initially, TikTok’s appeal lay in its organic reach and virality potential. Today, TikTok has matured into a platform where sophisticated paid strategies, influencer partnerships, and performance tracking dominate. Marketing agencies TikTok-focused play a pivotal role in guiding brands through this evolution, helping them navigate trends, optimise content, and leverage TikTok’s unique algorithm for measurable business outcomes. This article explores the evolution of TikTok marketing in the US, from early organic strategies to today’s paid and creator-driven approaches, the role of agencies, and what the future holds for brands leveraging this dynamic platform. Early TikTok Marketing Organic Reach When TikTok first gained traction in the US, its algorithm favoured highly engaging content regardless of follower count. Early adopters discovered that even small brands could achieve viral visibility with minimal budgets, purely through organic posts. Brands experimented with different content formats, leveraging humor, relatable moments, or visually compelling storytelling to capture attention. The platform’s focus on short-form video enabled rapid experimentation and testing of messaging strategies. Organic reach was particularly advantageous for American small and mid-sized businesses, which could gain national exposure without significant advertising investment. Marketing agency TikTok specialists observed that content aligned with TikTok culture—authentic, entertaining, and visually engaging—performed best. Trend Participation Trends defined early TikTok marketing. Viral challenges, trending sounds, and hashtag campaigns allowed brands to tap into the platform’s momentum. Participating in trends provided exposure to broad audiences and allowed brands to appear culturally relevant. For example, clothing brands leveraged trending songs or visual challenges to showcase seasonal collections, while food and beverage companies joined viral recipes or taste-test trends. Trend participation became a cornerstone for early TikTok campaigns, allowing brands to establish a presence and gain valuable insights into content performance. How TikTok Marketing Looks Today Paid Ads As TikTok matured, paid advertising became a core component of digital marketing strategies. TikTok ads services now offer multiple formats, including in-feed ads, TopView placements, Spark Ads, and Branded Content tools. Paid campaigns enable brands to target specific demographics, retarget audiences, and measure performance in ways organic content alone cannot achieve. TikTok’s ad platform integrates data-driven optimisation, allowing marketers to refine campaigns for clicks, conversions, or engagement. Paid campaigns have become particularly effective for brands looking to scale rapidly, supplement organic strategies, and achieve predictable ROI. Marketing agencies TikTok-focused now design campaigns that combine trend-driven creative with precise targeting to maximise reach and conversions. Creator Partnerships Creator-led marketing has become a defining feature of TikTok today. Influencers provide authenticity, trust, and access to niche communities. Brands collaborate with creators to showcase products in organic, relatable contexts that resonate with audiences. Creator partnerships allow US brands to integrate seamlessly into TikTok culture. Whether it’s through challenges, tutorials, or lifestyle content, working with creators helps brands achieve credibility, increase engagement, and drive sales. TikTok Agencies facilitate these collaborations, from influencer selection to campaign execution, ensuring alignment with brand identity and performance goals. Role of Agencies in This Evolution Strategy Development TikTok Agencies play a critical role in guiding brands through evolving strategies. Agencies analyse platform trends, audience behaviours, and competitor activity to design campaigns that align with business objectives. Strategy development encompasses content planning, campaign structure, ad spend allocation, and measurement frameworks. Agencies also advise on when to prioritise organic participation versus paid amplification, ensuring brands achieve optimal results in a rapidly shifting environment. Performance Optimisation TikTok marketing agencies provide continuous optimisation services. From monitoring video engagement, ad performance, and creator ROI to adjusting content for algorithmic favourability, agencies ensure campaigns remain effective over time. Performance optimisation enables brands to maximise the return on every piece of content and ad dollar. This capability is especially important in the US market, where competition for attention is intense and audiences are highly discerning. What’s Next for Brands Social Commerce Social commerce is increasingly central to TikTok marketing. Features like TikTok Shop allow brands to sell directly through the platform, linking content to products seamlessly. US brands are integrating TikTok digital marketing strategies with e-commerce operations to create a frictionless purchase journey. Trend-driven content, influencer collaborations, and paid ads now have direct pathways to drive sales, enhancing the commercial impact of campaigns. Creator-Led Growth Creators will continue to define TikTok’s growth potential. Brands that invest in long-term relationships with creators can achieve sustained engagement, community building, and revenue growth. Agencies will increasingly focus on nurturing creator networks, providing creative guidance, and measuring performance in monetisable terms. The evolution of TikTok marketing in the US suggests that brands must adopt integrated strategies that combine trend participation, creator collaboration, paid amplification, and commerce integration to stay competitive. Case Study: Chipotle – TikTok Marketing Evolution in the US Chipotle, the American fast-food chain, offers a clear example of TikTok marketing evolution. Initially, Chipotle capitalised on organic content and viral trends, such as the #GuacDance challenge, which encouraged users to create videos celebrating National Avocado Day. This organic approach generated millions of views and engagement, demonstrating the power of trend participation. As TikTok matured, Chipotle integrated paid campaigns and creator partnerships. The brand collaborated with micro and macro-influencers to promote new menu items and limited-time offers. Paid in-feed ads were used to retarget audiences who had engaged with organic content or creator posts. The combined strategy—leveraging trends, creators, and paid amplification—resulted in increased foot traffic, app downloads, and overall sales, exemplifying how a brand can evolve TikTok digital marketing from simple organic engagement to a sophisticated, revenue-driving strategy. Conclusion TikTok digital marketing in the American market has evolved from organic experimentation and trend participation to a sophisticated ecosystem involving paid ads, creator partnerships, and measurable performance optimisation. Marketing agencies TikTok-focused have been central to this evolution, guiding … Read more